Fast Times at Recruitment High

Secretary of Education Arne Duncan invited the Pentagon into Chicago's schools. Will he promote military schools nationwide?
When Arne Duncan stepped down as the head of the Chicago Public Schools to become the secretary of education in January, the school district he left behind had little to brag about. While Duncan served as its chief executive officer, CPS received mostly average or below average rankings in "The Nation's Report Card," a Department of Education assessment of the country's largest urban school districts. Its high school graduation rates lingered at around 50 percent, well short of the national average of 70 percent. And since 2004, CPS has failed as a district to meet No Child Left Behind's "adequate yearly progress" standards. In one area, however, Chicago's schools stood out: In large part to Duncan's efforts, they were—and remain—the most militarized in America.
Nearly 10,500 of Chicago's 203,000 sixth- through twelfth-graders participate in some kind of military program on campus, from joining the Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps to enrolling in Pentagon-sponsored JROTC academies. As the district's CEO (and previously as deputy chief of staff to his predecessor, Paul Vallas), Duncan oversaw the controversial move to bring full-fledged military academies to the Windy City. The district's first, the Chicago Military Academy at Bronzeville, opened in 1999, and three more followed during Duncan's tenure. Today, Chicago has six military high schools run by a branch of the armed services. Six smaller military academies share buildings with existing high schools. Nearly three dozen JROTC programs exist in regular high schools, where students attend a daily JROTC class and wear uniforms to school one day a week. And at the middle school level, there is a JROTC program for sixth, seventh- and eighth-graders.
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Chicago may have the nation's biggest JROTC program, but it is no longer an anomaly. Due to increases in federal funding for JROTC programs, the military's presence in public schools is greater than ever before. More than a dozen academies partly funded by the Department of Defense have sprouted up from Philadelphia to Oakland, and the National Defense Authorization Act of 2009 passed last year will increase the number of JROTC units nationwide from 3,400 to 3,700 by 2020, at a cost of $170 million. (Peacework magazine obtained a list of schools that have requested JROTC programs.) The Marines are in discussions to open new JROTC academies in Atlanta, Las Vegas, and New Orleans, helping to expand a program that critics contend has blurred the line between education and recruitment.
Now that Duncan is the nation's top education official, anti-recruitment activists worry that he will use his position to promote the expansion of JROTC and military academies as solutions for cash-strapped or underperforming school districts. "We see he has been promoting military academies," says Darlene Gramigna, program director for the American Friends Service Committee's Truth in Recruitment Program. "Around the country, that's what going on—Arne Duncan believes in these military academies."
Back in Chicago, Duncan praised military academies, the pillars of the district's JROTC program, for the "leadership" and "discipline" they offered students. Enrollment in JROTC is mandatory for the 2,100 or so students attending the six academies, all of which are located in predominantly low-income and/or minority areas of the city. Students are referred to as "cadets," wear military uniforms, undergo daily dress inspections, and take classes on military history, drug abuse prevention, orienteering, and the armed services, among other subjects, alongside their regular high school course load. Cadets can study marksmanship, march on the drill team, and, at some schools, even earn a spot in the school's "chain of command." JROTC teachers and administrators are often retired military service members, many of whom lack standard teaching credentials. The Pentagon has provided millions of dollars in funding to Chicago's military academies. A loyal backer of Chicago's military programs, Sen. Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) has secured $2.1 million for the Rickover Naval Academy and $5 million for the Chicago Military Academy at Bronzeville.
Students who don't attend the Pentagon-affiliated academies also have plenty of options for getting military experience in the classroom. Thirty of Chicago's 131 high schools offer JROTC programs. Chicago also boasts six "schools within a school," in which the Navy or Army run large, autonomous JROTC programs in the same building as existing high schools. Brian Roa, a science teacher at Senn High School, which shares its facilities with the Rickover Naval Academy, says the divided-school setup fosters a sense of inequality on the campus. "Senn students are made to feel like second-class citizens inside their own school," he wrote on the website Truthout.org. "The facilities and resources are better on the RNA side. RNA students are allowed to walk on the Senn side, while Senn students cannot walk on the RNA side."
And for students not yet in high school, a "Middle School Cadet Corps" program brings the JROTC's lockstep, uniformed culture to students as young as 11 or 12. Five hundred middle school students from more than 20 schools enrolled in the Cadet Corps in the 2008-2009 school year.
JROTC officials reject the assertion that such programs are little more than recruiting tools, but have released little data on how many students who go through them eventually enlist. The Associated Press recently reported that 5 to 10 percent of JROTC graduates join the military (compared to 3 percent of all high school graduates), but the Air Force, Army, Marines, and Navy chiefs of staff testified before Congress in 2000 that between 30 to 50 percent of JROTC cadets later sign up.
Supporters of military academies, including Duncan, have focused on the academies' educational accomplishments. "These are positive learning environments," Duncan said in 2007. "I love the sense of leadership. I love the sense of discipline." However, academic achievement at Chicago's military academies has been unremarkable: In 2007, while nearly 30 percent of 11th graders in the district met or exceeded standards on statewide achievement exams, just 14 percent did at Phoenix Military Academy and 8 percent at George Washington Carver Military Academy. Chicago Military Academy at Bronzeville fared somewhat better, with 33 percent of juniors meeting or exceeding the exam's standards.
Meanwhile, the military's presence in public schools continues to grow. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates' request for JROTC funding in the 2009 budget brings last year's total from $76 million to $103 million. That boost in funding could be a boon for cash-strapped school districts. And though Duncan does not have control over JROTC programs, and has yet to make any major announcements regarding the military's role in his vision for education reform, he has a direct line to the superintendents and mayors who control the country's school districts, which certainly makes him the most prominent and influential backer of military programs in public schools. He reiterated his support for military academies and the JROTC in a recent AP story on the growth of military academies. "For the right child," he said, "these schools are a lifesaver."
Comments
military in schools
the militarization of our schools- and our country- would be a nightmare under the best of circumstances. When kids are told they can do something good in "serving their country" and when that so called service is killing helpless women and children in Afghanistan and Iraq it becomes an unspeakable horror. Which is then compounded when they come back in caskets and are honored as heros.
story in today's paper about a kid who went to hear obomber speak, and was so impressed he rushed down to the recruiting office to sign up. now he's dead. Maybe the first to die for obomber's famed oratory. (all the others having died for bush's lies)
we really need to stop this stupid march of folly. The people who get killed fighting in u.s. "wars" are like victims of drunk drivers. Instead of marching around proclaiming their bravery, we should be organizing to stop the madness, and like mothers against drunk driving, punish the perpetrators.
military in schools
I participate with the Save Senn Coalition that has been opposing the Rickover Navel Academy at Senn High school in Chicago. Monthly we hand out our news letter, Anchors Away, to students, teachers and community members updating them on the community wide struggle to remove RNA from the SENN campus where it has deprived community students of access to some of the best facilities and imposed a "second class" status for them that they comment on as palpable. And that, all contrary to the promised benefits made by Arnie Duncan, Navy officials and Representative Jan Schakowsky when they imposed Rickover on Senn, inspite of broad opposition from students, teachers and community members.
Rickover has also fostered an elitist attitude among cadets toward the students in the general community that some of the cadets have expressed to me when speaking of their preference for Rickover. But most significant is its purpose, as I see it, to normalizes a military mentality and nurture its infantile logic that passes as rational thinking these days. One cadet, miffed at our dogged presence over the last past years, told me he was at Rickover because he " wanted to fight Americas wars". All of the goals that Arnie Duncan claims excite him are achievable through other educational models yet they are non- starters because there is no funding but for war. Duncan and Obama are merely a flacks for an oligarchy who need to increase the likelyhood that children can be brain washed into defending their bankrupt and clasping empire.
Dale Lehman
Neighbors for Peace
Thanks for your comment, Dale...
Military school/academies
Like it or not, as long as we've got a country-thing, we're going to need a military-thing. And, the job of the military is to stand ready to defend the United States against all enemies, foreign or domestic. Without a military, it's arguable that we would probably not remain a country for very long, because there are entities around the world that would like nothing more than to take a bite out of the United
States, for various reasons.
Military academies are prep schools, where officers learn how to be officers, and take charge of and assert authority and provide leadership for our armed services.
They also provide an opportunity for young people, who might not have such a great home environment, to have benefit of good tutelage and a semi-structured environment.
Military service is politically controversial, but arguably necessary. A good education, sans trappings of the military, is also arguably necessary, for the simple reason that if you're a hammer, everything looks like a nail, and there's not a military solution to every problem this country will face, nor is everyone outside our borders necessarily 'the enemy', hence it's important to equally promote and facilitate an educational environment that helps kids to gain the knowledge and skills they will need to be successful in the larger civilian world.
One topic of debate, though, is the extent and degree to which the military recruiters are now keeping tabs on kids, even before they leave high school. As we know, the military now has about a 1/2 trillion dollar annual budget. The military employs a lot of people, both in and out of uniform. Suffice it to say it's a big institution, and it's been on a growth spurt since 9/11, if not before. A growing institution needs more members, and public high schools where people don't have a lot of money to begin with are fertile grounds for producing new recruits. More grist for the mill, as it were.
But, what else is the military supposed to do? Without new recruits, eventually they'll have to put in handicapped tank parking or something, or just start shutting down military posts for lack of personnel, or the competition will grow and instead of a military, we'll have Blackwater.gov. Is that the future, total privatization of the military? 6-figure 'soldiers' with armored humvee limos carrying them to and fro, with their mobile satellite uplink and chilled wet bar? Maybe on Fantasy Island, but in this world, the call for able-bodied young men and women to join the service is constant, and frankly, there's worse things than serving a term of active duty service, like spending your twenties unemployed with no future and no education to help you build one. The 21st century world requires people to learn, to modernize, to be efficient, to know how to get a job done, to know how to use a computer, to be reliable, to try and achieve something, and the military can teach those willing to learn all these things, and more, and is therefore preferable to just existing in an environment where you can learn other things, like how to deal drugs, steal cars, live off a welfare check or by stealing, be in a gang, or become a lifelong drug user complaining about The Government and society. Which is better? Probably a hitch in the service, all things considered.
We don't have a draft in the United States, but some people feel that we should. 2,3,4 years in uniform gets you out of your old environment, introduces you to some new people, teaches you work skills, puts money in your pocket, frankly there's a lot worse things in life that can happen to you.
The military is not without its' risks. You could concievably end up in a foreign country, under arms, representing the United States, and getting shot at, blown up, run over by a tank, fall off the side of the ship etc. People get killed in the military. If that never happened, they wouldn't need guns, and you could call it something else, like the Peace Corps, or Larry's Laundry Service. Instead, they are given weapons, training in how to use them, and time and time again, our servicemembers prove they know how to use them and how to be team members and professional soldiers, airmen and so forth, and help people in other countries rid themselves of violent criminals, despots, tin-pot dictators and so forth and so on.
Now, to the negative side of the military. Do you want your son or daughter coming out of the military as a bald-headed nazi, or as a gang member(there's gangs in the military), or as a permanent ward of the state due to some exotic disability? Are there some kids that should not be put into the military environment to begin with, is the military honestly that wholesome of an environment for todays' young people, does the military have some chronic problems that need to be addressed, is there blatant evidence of corruption surrounding the armed forces? Several possible 'yes' and 'no' answers, there, details to be found in the daily paper. Military recruiters are given quotas, and take on the role of head-hunters, and they've even got computers and take detailed notes on people's kids without the parents' permission, and do other stuff that's ethically questionable and possibly even illegal. They even harass and harangue parents, misrepresent the facts about military service either intentionally or otherwise, and that's where it's important for high schools as well as parents and teachers to present kids with the blunt realities involved, so that any youngster signing a military contract knows exactly what's going on, with no ambiguity or 'grey areas' that haven't been covered. Because, ultimately, these young ladies and gentlemen might be getting aboard an airplane, and going to the next Vietnam, Panama, Iraq, Afghanistan, or wherever else in the world our military has to send people into harm's way. Also, by getting parents and educators involved, the military stands to gain from it by having such influence help to build a better organization overall, by improving oversight, by ensuring that kids with good grades also join the service, so it's not just a situation where kids with failing grades end up in uniform, but rather a quality institution capable of meeting whatever challenges get thrown at it. This is the 21st century, Interesting Times, better to have a high-quality military and not need it than need one, and not have it.
Klaatu marachas necktie
Militarization of schools
Our local underpriveleged & poor gang-members could use some real instruction in how to use guns properly. A military education could prepare them
for a life of SKILLFUL, responsible violence,
instead of the innaccurate, random shootings that plague
the inner-city.
Let's give our gangkids the SKILLS to do their jobs right!
The JROTC Program
Our school does not tolerate JROTC cadets as much as your "militarized" schools. I get picked on daily for wearing a uniform. I'm sorry but I actually want to do something with my life and I thought that maybe JROTC on my college record would look good. There is not a military obligation for serving in the JROTC program. When you say that the Senn High students are treated like second class citizens I laugh because people call me blind when I for being in the JROTC program. People are going to be made fun of anyway. I do not support there being military academies thrust upon people. However the closest military school there is to me is a private school. It costs as much as a college education. If I had a military academy option, I would take it. I think the discipline would be good for me. The option to not have a t.v. to distract me all the time would be great. I think it would help me to study and not get into so much trouble. However this is my opinion. You are entitled for your opinion.
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