Corruption in Afghanistan: It's Even Worse Than You Think

Kickbacks have become the country's second biggest income generator. Guess what's the first?
Earlier this month, Afghan President Hamid Karzai fought back against allegations of pervasive graft within his government, telling Al Jazeera that "the Western media has blown corruption totally out of all proportion in Afghanistan."
Perhaps Karzai should have a conversation with Antonio Maria Costa, the United Nations' drug and crime czar. His office released a report on Tuesday concluding that in the past year Afghans paid out $2.5 billion in bribes and kickbacks—the equivalent of 23 percent of the country's gross domestic product. The income generated by corruption is exceeded only by the booming opium trade, which brings in an estimated $2.8 billion annually. "In other words, this is shocking, drugs and bribes are the two largest income generators in Afghanistan," writes Costa, who heads the UN's Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), in the preface of the study.
The report, based on interviews with 7,600 Afghans, is yet another indicator that any US policy on Afghanistan that is predicated on cooperation with the government is threatened by endemic graft. As it stands, writes Costa, "It is almost impossible to obtain a public service in Afghanistan without greasing a palm: bribing authorities is a way of life."
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The average payoff, according to UNODC, was $159—a modest sum in Western terms, but a massive expenditure in a country with a per-capita income of $425. This, Costa says, amounts to a "crippling tax on people who are already among the world's poorest." And he notes that the massive influx of aid funding coupled with soaring drug revenues "have created a new cast [sic] of rich and powerful individuals who operate outside the traditional power/tribal structures and bid the cost of favours and loyalty to levels not compatible with the under-developed nature of the country."
According to the study, 59 percent of Afghans identified corruption as their biggest concern—more worrisome even than the deteriorating security situation and widespread unemployment. "It's really depressing," Costa told me on Wednesday from Prague. "From the outside I would have expected that the bombing and the killing and the poverty would have been identified as the most severe problems the country is facing, but no, the [Afghans] are saying it's the corrupt leadership. That is sending a very strong message. Perhaps we are underestimating the importance of governance in fighting the other severe illnesses of the country, drugs and development and so forth."
US and international officials have leaned heavily on Karzai to tackle rampant corruption, and the issue is likely to figure heavily when world leaders convene next week in London for a conference on Afghanistan's future. Presently, says Costa, members of the Afghan government are not doing their part to fight graft. That's not entirely surprising, since Afghan officials—on both the local and national level—appear to be the ones profiting most handsomely from bribes and kickbacks. According to the UNODC's study:
Around 25% of Afghan citizens had to pay at least one bribe to police and local officials over the past year. Between 10-20% had to pay bribes to judges, prosecutors, doctors and members of the government. A kickback is so commonly sought (and paid) to speed up administrative procedures, that more than a third of the population (38%) thinks that this is the norm.
The widespread corruption, Costa says, has given Afghans "the impression that it is cheaper to buy a judge than to hire a lawyer." And according to the UNODC's findings, Afghans don't believe the corruption problem is confined to their government. Fifty-four percent of those surveyed said they believed that international organizations and NGOs "are corrupt and in the country just to get rich."
Costa told me that the large amounts of development money "consumed" by "transaction costs" (that is, funds eaten up by the organizations providing aid and heading up development projects), along with "all the opacity" surrounding procurement, has fueled the perception among Afghans that "the international community and NGOs are not as clean as they would like."
These suspicions are surely warranted: Numerous instances of fraud and corruption in Afghanistan involving contractors, US military officials, and others have been extensively documented. Among those accused of corruption is the former Afghanistan country director of the UN's Office of Project Services, Gary Helseth, who allegedly used funds intended to rebuild Afghanistan's infrastructure to bankroll his own lavish lifestyle. And according to the office of the US Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, only a quarter of the corruption cases it's investigating involve Afghans—the rest are cases targeting at least one Western suspect.
Costa compares Afghanistan's corruption problem to a "cancer" that is eating away at Afghan society—and he says the remedy is both preventative and surgical. In addition to bolstering Afghanistan's lead anti-corruption authority, he says Afghan officials should be forced to file financial disclosures: "Let's see how senior officials can afford fancy cars and flashy villas with salaries of less than $500 a month!" And, when it comes to the appointment of provincial governors and district leaders, Costa suggests the vetting process should potentially include polygraph exams. As for the surgery, he says, "We need to remove the characters—the governors, the politicians, the members of parliament and whoever else has been tainted, not by the allegations, but by the evidence of corruption." He added, "Corruption in particular is an issue where the domestic leadership needs to manifest itself. There has to be leadership by the Afghans and in particular the president in bringing about integrity and fighting corruption."
While Karzai has vowed repeatedly to tackle corruption, Western officials and analysts have privately expressed doubts about his commitment. And his comments to Al Jazeera downplaying the issue surely didn't help. If Karzai can't even acknowledge the extent of the problem, how can the US or its international partners rely on him to solve it?
Comments
The Karzai regime is a puppet collaborator regime; it is corrupt
by definition. What other behavior could one expect from such a government? Corruption is a facet of the occupation. End the occupation.
Afghan corruption
WE are corrupt-we have looted and ransacked
and meanwhile, a country that showed such promise in the sixties, suffers... children suffer..
that we participate in it, is more than I can comprehend..
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Corruption follows U.S. intervention and occupation..
So what else is new ?
This is a given when the U.S . is involved anywhere on the planet.
Blame the Corporations that run the U.S. Government and it's military industrial Complex. The corruption that follows the Industrial Military Complex around is disgusting beyond comprehension ....just look at Iraq for a quick example..and against it's own military troops non the less!
you don't need to look in
you don't need to look in Iraq....look what the MIC & US Corporate Government have done in places like Detroit
Karzai Regime No Worse Than Democrat Controlled U.S. Congress
Karzai could take lessons in corruption from Pelosi and Reid.
He could take lessons from Obama too. SEIU bagman Andy Stern is the most frequent visitor to the Obama White House.
Look who is talking...
It is amusing to me that a UN official is complaining about corruption in a country ravaged by colonialism, many civil wars, foreign occupation and domination (for more than a century), poverty...and a country that is not even "socially and culturally" a homogenous country yet - but a conglomeration of tribes (some warring and some collaborating occassionally).
People in these various ethnic communities, much like American businessmen and other professionals (who are also a tribe, and sometimes even act like mobs, with powerful influence over policies that serve their interests and pockets), tend to survive by loyalties, affiliations and narrow associations. That is how they've been for centuries - and surprisingly it has protected them well from marauders, invaders and conquerors for more than a thousand years. It is not perfect or just...but then again what is just when your land, resources, culture, water, basic dignity and freedom are constantly interfered with?
And look who is talking? A UN official - from an organization with many members that have endemic corruption in their countries though they may operate more efficiently. Give me a break! Some of you guys are either dumb, naive or playing another game with Afghanistan - using current policies to promote your own agenda - under the guise of bashing Karzai or Obama. And the agenda might be a Rightwing one!
One should never condone corruption or ignore it. But to go on and on about some $50 corruption in a poor country in the middle of so many complex geo-political situations, in a pretty unique and serious region of the world, is both amusing, amazing and ridiculous.
In stead of focusing the small money, lets see where the big money is going - the millions, the billions and the trillions? And you'll find it is going to the guys who fund the personnel with the helmets, guns and tanks - many of whom don't know what they are fighting and are hurting civilians more so than the really really bad guys. And spy idiots, these days, spend more time following innocent people: peace activists, thinkers, ordinary bloggers, eccentric people, politically unique or liberal people and smart commentators. Why? Because it is easy to spy on them, take their knowledge and use it conveniently for their own benefit...and even scapegoat them when things get difficult for the spy guys and their agenda (which is nothing more than keeping their old game going).
It is easy to blame Karzai, Obama, one person or two people (though I am not absolving them of everything or anything). There are many around them and inside their system who are the really big players. There are even so-called liberal guys who come on TV (like LINK TV) to bash Obama constantly - but never focussing on the big fries who have been in the system much longer than Obama (who came on less than a year ago). He is one guy at the top - trying to stay alive to do a few things, who is also very likely to be shot by thousand other nuts inside the house (literally). And it is amusing that complaints are comming from mediocre journalists, writers and bloggers who don't do much but whine, whine and whine, then blame, blame and blame. Many of you guys did not even have the courage to do the right thing or even say the right thing when you had power and privelege, but want a new President, or a small group of people, to wave the magic wand...and even stop earthquakes in Haiti. Are people that stupid, or is the media that cunning?
And now there are a few boys, who because they are NOT making their millions, are suddenly feeling poor and victimized...Give it a break! If anyone questions they'd have acid thrown on their face...And in some places, like the SE, subtle and obvious forms of racism have started rearing its ugly head. There is now a tendency to attack a few successful or modest middle class people, immigrants, minorities and even women - many overqualified and actually thoughtful, sensible and sensitive.
In many poor places, with no order or consistent reliable institutions that people can rely on, there is likely to be corruption. You don't just complain about it - like the UN! You build institutions that are reliable and are consistently fair and objective (as much as possible) in their services to ordinary people. That cannot happen overnight in a place where people have narrow loyalties and affiliations - including the NGOs, aid agencies and many others (some of whom keep themselves employed by constantly telling one side that the glass is half empty and the glass is half full to another side - when it comes protecting or promoting themselves. Very cunning and convenient indeed!
Besides, a UN representative should not be talking! The UN itself, for a long time, was made up of guys in three piece suits from elite patriarchal communities who represented Western interests or Anglo theories (or models of development built on aggressive business priorities), and notorious for talking a lot while doing little. This is the reason why they rely on American expertise and efficiency so much. Lets face it...America is one of the most action centered society and is efficient (though not always effective). UN is neither efficient nor effective - but talks a lot (though its perspecitve may be necessary to balance power).
This Costa guy, the author interviewed, should know something about corruption elsewhere...Ask him to investigate Latin and South America and see how far he goes on how far corruption goes in this part of the world.
When there are no reliable dependable working institutions corruption, thuggery, intimidation and croyinism may become a problem, or even endemic (that people are forced to adapt to and cope with). That is not good! But it takes time, effort and work-in-progress to build that kind of reliable institutions of justice. Look at how "aid and services" are getting from the airport to the people in Haiti with all that has been sent? NOT! Even something simple as a military run rescue mission or aid program is not going well. Imagine trying to do this with no or few organizations and constant violence!
So cut the crap! What is the agenda behind this article - other than to balme Karzai, Obama and other people. Do you guys want the money...should it go to the guys selling McNuggets? What is it? I never see you guys dealing with social issues as something bigger than one or two people - as if one or two guys alone can solve all of human problems. Are you stupid, childish or just an outright Rightwing propaganda penetrating liberal media - pretending to care about social issues while really protecting businesses with big agendas and pocketbooks?
Try to see how many communities, and Chambers of Commerces (not all but some), play these same tribalistic croynisitic good-ole-boys' games of corruption right here (in our backyard) - yet they do it legally and in the grey shade of ethics. Does that not count as corruption?
If some poor police officer in Afghanistan is taking $2 to avoid enforcing the traffic law that should not be the priority of the UN (a mediocre bulky agency that could not stop the genocides in Africa). But if he is ignoring a major accident that was caused by a reckless driver with power and influence than that is problem and should be condemned. If he is taking $250 (a lot of money in a poor country) to do his basic job then he should be prosecuted. Know what is a serious crime, what is a serious threat to establishing justice and institutions of law, order and fairness...and what is not!
These articles are too simplistic, lack context and come with an easy "good and evil" judgements. And with Obama being Black there are many Whites, Latinos and even some Asians on an attack binge these days. That is obvious on American TV. There is nothing wrong with valid or appropriate criticism - but some of this looks like an ethnic and a political bias that deliberately skews facts and truth. Or, maybe it is just one more shoddy journalism!
Remember, when examining other cultures, with an unique history and problems, much of it created by centuries of colonialism, foreign domination, control and intrusion, get your facts right, get your context right and get your analysis right (with some admission that you too could be coming from a possible position of ignorance, bias or both).
Corruption in Afghanistan
Thank you for your comments!
Awesome Post Lookatyourownbackyardfirst!
Talking like a book!
Tip Of The Iceburg
It's not worse than I think.
Then we have Iraq also.
Some wonder why we now are near 8 trillion in debt.
Corruption?
Helloo...what about INVASION? I knew it -- we should have sent guys in there with books on business ethics and dealings, instead of guns. Sob! How were we to know that the rest of the world would be concerned with the prevalence of corruption? Noooooo.....
This is what happens when the
This is what happens when the contractors are put in charge of nation building. Rumsfeld and associates laid the foundation of contracting out the military and the nation-building. What a brilliant idea???? America was hoping that Obama will put an end to this shameful and immoral practice. The foundation was laid so strong by the Bush, Cheney and Rummy gang that it is impossible to undo. America is going to go bankrupt if things don't change....
You live and learn and then
You live and learn and then you die and forget it all. Life is only a dream and the only reality is your own inevitable death.
Death is only a summer holiday.
According to the wise Tibetans, the Incas, etc. and Dr Brian Weiss death is only a summer holiday, the soul/spirit is apparently born untold times to learn and grow. The difference between Jesus and ourselves is that he is SO old and we´re still in the kindergarten.
Corruption or tax?
You call it corruption in the western world - but it's not so very different from the "taxes", "user fees" and lobbyist "contributions" that westerners pay out on a daily basis.
Try getting services from your local government if you haven't paid your taxes, a ticket to see a pop star without a Ticketmaster "service fee" ... or try talking to you senator or congressman if you didn't contribute to their campaign chest?
To say that the "problem" is "corruption" is to look at Afghanistan as a Western country with Western eyes. Historically, this approach has never worked in Afghanistan before and it's unlikely that it will work this time. Afghanistan functioned reasonably well prior to the Russian invasion - it wasn't perfect but then neither is the Western world perfect either.
The goal should be to return Afghanistan to the Afghans and let them sort their country out - it won't be a "Western" solution but then, would you want the Afghans trying to sort out Americas problems at the moment?
Karzai
There should be a few more men helping Karzai!learn them how to be a mason,eletrician,plumber,carpenter.All these things they need to learn and fast and we have to teach them.80%do not have a job so let the schools start!
Corruption in Afghanistan
Afghanistan may have a corrupt government, citizens and groups taking bribes, etc., but as for the opium trade, WHERE THERE IS A MARKET, it will be SUPPLIED, whether it's opium or any other drug. It is a waste of time to worry about Afghanistan growing opium poppies. They've done it for as long as anyone can remember, and obviously, it's a lucrative industry. We have no business any longer in Afghanistan, and the BUSH administration is to blame for our being there - as well as its CORPORATE cronies, who have also found projects in Afghanistan lucrative for THEM, too. Afghanistan is not OUR country, and it never will be. Obviously, we learned NOTHING from Russia's getting ITS nose into Afghanistan's business years ago. It won't work.
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